Efficiency is one of the key goals in power-supply design. Meeting this objective not only saves energy, but also reduces heat. Traditional analog power supplies don’t meet these objectives, so most new designs today are switch-mode power supplies (SMPSs). SMPSs use a mix of high-frequency switching, energy storage, and filtering to achieve efficiencies of 70% to over 90%, depending on the configuration and application. Some examples include dc-dc converters, regulators, inverters, and battery chargers...
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