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For more than a century, typical automobiles have employed mechanical linkages, hydraulic fluids, and steel springs for steering, braking, and suspension. Now, though, automakers are increasingly adopting intelligent chassis, in which electrical components replace or augment mechanical ones.

With steering, for example, a driver still turns a steering wheel. However, electronic sensors capture the driver’s intent, and processors interpret the sensor output and drive motors at the tires to ensure the car moves in the appropriate direction.