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Robots are becoming smaller, lighter, and more agile, while also moving faster, handling heavier payloads, and running longer on constrained power budgets. That combination forces designers to squeeze motor control and power electronics into tight spaces where every watt, square millimeter, and degree Celsius matters.

In practice, engineers must solve a set of power-management problems inside each joint or manipulator and still ship a system that’s reliable, certifiable, and easy to scale across a product family.