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    Practical Input-Referred Calculations in Precision Systems (Download)

    Aug. 17, 2023

    Read this article online.

    When designing the signal chain for an analog measurement, errors, and noise from different components in the signal chain must be tallied up and used to determine top-level performance. Specifications can be expressed fractionally as a percentage, or if they’re in linear units, they can be output-referred or input-referred. Input-referred calculations tend to cause the most confusion, but they add important insight into system performance.

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